Abstract

Background

Medicare annual wellness visits (AWVs) are vital for older adults' preventive care, which was transitioned to telehealth modalities during COVID-19. This study examined primary care providers' perceptions of telehealth-delivered AWVs and explored the factors influencing telehealth implementation using the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).

Participants and Setting

Twenty-five primary care providers from eight clinics within an integrated health system in the Midwestern United States were interviewed. Eligibility required having conducted at least one telehealth AWV for patients aged 65 or older between March 2023 and October 2023.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews lasting 30–45 min were conducted using purposeful sampling. Topics aligned with PRISM domains were addressed: program (telehealth utilization), recipient (organizational characteristics), external environment, and implementation infrastructure. Data were analyzed using NVivo software, using inductive and deductive thematic coding.

Results

Providers described telehealth AWV as flexible, convenient, and efficient. Benefits included shorter visit durations and the ability to observe patients' home environments. Challenges included difficulty conducting cognitive and mobility assessments, limitations in physical exams, and managing patients with hearing or visual impairments without caregiver support. Most providers did not perceive language as a major barrier, particularly for Spanish-speaking patients (Program domain). Providers noted that limited internet, device access, and lack of community technology support, especially in underserved areas, hindered telehealth use. They also emphasized the importance of maintaining reimbursement parity between telehealth and in-person visits (External Environment). Providers reported minimal formal training and inconsistent access to telehealth-equipped rooms, though support from colleagues and workflow adaptations helped address these limitations (Implementation Infrastructure). Staff support, particularly through pre-visit coordination, technical troubleshooting, and patient preparation, was crucial in implementing telehealth (Recipient).

Conclusion

This study provided valuable insights into the implementation of telehealth AWVs and underscored the importance of organizational support for sustainable telehealth practices in primary care settings.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-5-2026

Publication Title

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

First Page

1413

Last Page

1420

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